Originally apothecaries were grocers who sold herbal treatments, spices, and tobacco.

By Shakespeare's time, an apothecary was essentially a pharmacist who offered medical advice. By the 18th century, the apothecary practiced as a doctor, providing medical care, performing surgery, and prescribing medication, which he also prepared and sold.

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Text: Elizabeth Hammett
Image: Mer des Hystoires, Paris 1488-89